proteins

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1.    Research Question                                                     3

2.    Definition of protein                                                 4

3.    Sources of proteins                                                    4

4.    Protein Deficiency Symptoms                                  5

5.     What you should do in the case of protein deficiency        6

6.     The amount of protein required                                           7

7.     What's the importance of protein for athletes?                  8

8.     Problems associated with increased protein                        9

9.     How can we separate proteins                                              10

10.       Protein separated by electrophoresis                               11

11.       References                                                                          12

Research Question

What's the importance of protein in our lives and the damage of increase and decrease  protein in our body ?

Abstract

In this part of the research I will talk about protein specifically as I said protein is one of the natural polymers and I will give the chemical definition of protein in addition what it's made from  which is amino acid and how can we separate proteins and what's the importance of protein in our lives

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Protein

A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the protein. A typical protein contains 200–300 amino acids but some are much smaller and some much larger.

 

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Sources of proteins

The most important types of protein

Meat is a protein

which provide the body with all types of amino acids.

The plant proteins that are found in  corn, rice, beans, etc ...

Protein Deficiency Symptoms

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Protein deficiency is a hazardous condition that is responsible for many diseases and for claiming the lives of millions of people across the world each year. Although protein deficiency is most commonly seen in developing countries, it is not just restricted to these countries. The main reason for protein deficiency among people belonging to developed countries is poverty. Protein plays a crucial role in the proper growth and maintenance of the body, as they provide essential amino acids which the body cannot produce on its own.  Since proteins are the basic building blocks of life, it is essential to make sure that your body gets adequate amounts of protein every day. Additionally, having a good understanding of the various protein deficiency symptoms can help us to deal with the problem to a great extent.

Protein deficiency is caused by insufficient amounts of proteins in the body. The reasons for the lack of protein intake may be poverty, famine, highly restricted diet, malnutrition and poor knowledge about the high protein food sources. If the body does not get the specific amount of protein, it compensates for the deficiency by using protein stores from the muscles. This can lead to serious health hazards which can even turn to be life-threatening. Given below are a few of the most common protein deficiency symptoms.

- Fatigue and decrease in energy levels

- Weakness

- Muscle wasting and weight loss

- Edema (accumulation of fluid beneath the skin)

- Brittle nails

- Brittle hair and hair loss

- Reduced pigmentation of hair

- Poor healing of wounds

- Skin problems such as rashes, drying, flaking and ulcers

Death

What you should do in the case of protein deficiency

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If any of the above mentioned protein deficiency symptoms are noticed, you should consult a physician immediately and take the necessary precautionary measures to bring the situation under control. The best way to counter the effects of protein deficiency is to have a daily diet rich in protein. Foods such as lentils, beans, nuts, seeds, dairy products, whole grains, eggs, fish, meat etc are great sources of proteins. If you happen to be a strict vegan or vegetarian, you should make sure that you include plenty of plant-based protein in your diet. You can also resort to the use of protein supplements if you are suffering from severe protein deficiency.

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                                The amount of protein required

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by the body depends on the age,

gender, weight, health and the activities that are performed by the individual. Children normally need around 0.5 gm per pound of body weight whereas adults require approximately 60gm of protein per day.  It is highly essential for every individual to have adequate amount of protein in their body to live a healthy life. You can monitor the daily protein intake by keeping track of the food you eat each day.

What's the importance of  protein for athletes?

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Sports needs protein to repair and build body tissues and are enzymes, hormones and other substances that the body uses to regulate its operations, such as the organization of the percentage of water in the body for food and make the muscles in contraction.  Most athletes need a little more quantities of non-athletes.

Problems associated with increased protein

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If you have the amount of protein in your body too much protein, the excess will be stored on the body fat and that you do not exercise, the fat will increase
The biggest increase in the protein lead to fragility of the bones and kidney stones

How can we separate proteins

Two separate proteins in a cell are shown (left). Most cellular proteins are present at nanomolar-to-micromolar concentrations. A single random mutation in either protein is highly unlikely to result in binding or allostery. Interaction between these two proteins becomes probable when they are colocalized. Colocalization (second column) can occur by several mechanisms: by a gene fusion that results in both proteins being part of the same polypeptide chain, by concentration in a microcompartment, by association with the plasma membrane, or by binding to DNA. This process boosts the effective concentration of the proteins with respect to each other. Now, a single point mutation can lower the dissociation constant enough for a selectable change in function to occur. Further single mutations that increase the affinity of the two domains for each other, or that introduce allostery, can be selected for, resulting in tight interactions between these sites or allosteric coupling. Additional single genetic events such as gene fission or loop shortening can result in a strongly interacting heterodimer or an oligomeric homodimer.

Protein separated by electrophoresis

Electrophoresis is the technique of separating electrically charged particles, particularly proteins, in a solution by passing an electric current through the solution. The rate of movement of the different components depends upon their charge, so that they gradually separate into bands.

Protein electrophoresis, which measures differences in the amino acid composition of proteins from different individuals, has been used for over two decades to study natural populations, including all species of anadromous Pacific salmonids. Because the amino acid sequence of proteins is coded for by DNA, data provided by protein electrophoresis provide insight into levels of genetic variability within populations and the extent of genetic differentiation between them. Electrophoresis is widely used to separate complex mixture of protein

References

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Books:

Chemistry as level and A level

IGCSE Chemistry

Chemistry for you